{"id":2812,"date":"2021-09-22T11:35:34","date_gmt":"2021-09-22T09:35:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifethinkhotels.com\/aenosnationalpark.gr\/fysiko-perivallon\/chlorida\/"},"modified":"2021-09-24T10:24:31","modified_gmt":"2021-09-24T08:24:31","slug":"chlorida","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aenosnationalpark.gr\/en\/fysiko-perivallon\/chlorida\/","title":{"rendered":"Flora"},"content":{"rendered":"

Flora of Mt. Aenos National Park<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Figure 1.\u00a0<\/strong>The steno-endemic species Viola cephalonica thrives only at the higher peaks of Aenos National Park.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta are the main representatives of flora of Aenos National Park estimated to be 400 species. For other important big families, like Fungi, Lichens and Bryophytes on mount Aenos, a few information<\/span>\u00a0is known.<\/span><\/p>\n

3 out of the 8 known endemic Cephalonian species and subspecies are exclusively endemic to Aenos National Park:<\/span><\/p>\n

–Viola cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0Bornm.: it thrives at 1.500-1.600 m of altitude and grows in the cracks of limestone rocks, as well as in rocky positions. It’s spread in the area of Chionistra, around the antennas (Figure 1).<\/span><\/p>\n

–Scutellaria rupestris<\/em>\u00a0Boiss. & Heldr. subsp.\u00a0cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0(Bornm.) Greuter &\u00a0<\/span>Burdet: it thrives at 1.500-1.600 m in rocky and limestone substrate.<\/span><\/p>\n

–Ajuga orientalis<\/em>\u00a0subsp.\u00a0aenesia<\/em>\u00a0(Heldr.) Phitos & Damboldt: it thrives at 400-1.600 m in limestone substrate.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Figure 2.<\/strong>\u00a0The endemic species of\u00a0Abies cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0in Mt. Aenos National Park.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Except previously mentioned Aenos endemic species, there are also other endemic species of the Hellenic area.\u00a0 Some of these species were discovered and first described in Kefalonia, so that in their official scientific name it was comprised the name of the island. In particular, these species were first recorded in mount Aenos, and comprise\u00a0Erysimum cephalonicum<\/em>\u00a0Polatschek,\u00a0Astragalus sempervivens<\/em>\u00a0subsp.\u00a0cephalonicus<\/em>\u00a0(C.Presl) Ascherson & Graebner,\u00a0Campanula garganica<\/em>\u00a0subsp.\u00a0cephallenica\u00a0<\/em>(Feer) Hayek,\u00a0Poa cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0H. Scholz, ecc. Later on, the aforementioned species were also recorded in other Greek areas.\u00a0<\/strong>Abies cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0Loudon makes part of this category, and will be further described on mount Aenos vegetation (Figure 2).<\/span><\/p>\n

Representative species of the characteristic flora of Aenos National Park in reference to flower location and month of flowering:<\/span><\/p>\n

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  • Abies cephalonica<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Loudon (family Pinaceae): Aenos, July<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Acinos alpinus<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(L.) Moench (family Labiatae): Aenos, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Adonis microcarpa<\/span><\/em>\u00a0DC. (family Ranunculaceae): Saint Gerasimos, April<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ajuga chamaepitys<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(L.) Schreber ssp.\u00a0chia<\/em>\u00a0(Schreber)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Arcangeli (family Labiatae): Aenos, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ajuga orientalis<\/span><\/em>\u00a0L. ssp.\u00a0aenesia<\/em>\u00a0(Heldr.) Phitos & Damboldt\u00a0<\/span>(family Labiatae): Aenos, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Anemone blanda<\/em>\u00a0Schott & Kotschy (family Ranunculaceae): Roudi, April<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Astragalus sempervirens<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Lam. ssp.\u00a0cephalonicus<\/em>\u00a0(C.Presl)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ascherson & Graebner (family Leguminosae): Aenos, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Aubrieta deltoidea<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(L.) DC. (family Cruciferae): Aenos, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Bellis perennis<\/span><\/em>\u00a0L. (family Compositae): Aenos, April<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Campanula spatulata<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Sm. ssp.\u00a0spruneriana<\/em>\u00a0(Hampe) Hayek\u00a0<\/span>(family Campanulacecae): Aenos, July<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Cardamine graeca<\/span><\/em>\u00a0L.( family Cruciferae): Aenos, April<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Cephalanthera damasonium<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(Miller) Druce (family Orchidaceae): Aenos, July<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Cephalanthera rubra<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(L.) L.C.M. Richard (family Orchidaceae): Aenos, June<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Cerastium illyricum<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Ard. ssp.\u00a0illyricum\u00a0<\/em>(family Caryophyllaceae): Roudi, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Colchicum cupanii<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Guss. (family Liliaceae): Roudi, October<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Corydalis solida<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(L.) Swartz ssp.\u00a0solida<\/em>\u00a0(family Papaveraceae): Aenos, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Crepis fraasii<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Schultz Bip.( family Compositae): Aenos, June<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Crupina crupinastrum<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(Moris) Vis. (family Compositae): Roudi, May 2000<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Cyanus segetum<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Hill (family Compositae): Roudi, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Erysimum cephalonicum<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Polatschek (family Cruciferae): Roudi, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Erysimum cephalonicum<\/em>\u00a0Polatschek (family Cruciferae): Fagias, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Fritillaria mutabilis<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Kamari (family Liliaceae): Aenos, April<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Fritillaria messanensis<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Rafin. subsp.\u00a0gracilis<\/em>\u00a0(Ebel)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Rix (family Liliaceae): Aenos & Roudi, April<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Gagea<\/span><\/em>\u00a0cf.\u00a0peduncularis<\/em>\u00a0(J. & C. Presl.) Pascher (family Liliaceae): Aenos, May 2000<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Lamium garganicum<\/span><\/em>\u00a0L. ssp.\u00a0striatum<\/em>\u00a0(Sm.)\u00a0<\/span>Hayek (family Labiatae): Aenos, May 1999<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Lathyrus digitatus<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(Bieb.) Fiori (family Leguminosae): Roudi, May<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Orchis pauciflora<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Ten. (family Orchidaceae):\u00a0<\/span>\u0391enos,\u00a0<\/span>\u039cay<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Paeonia mascula<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(L.) Miller ssp.\u00a0russi<\/em>\u00a0(Biv.) Cullen & Heywood\u00a0<\/span>(family Paeoniaceae): Aenos & Roudi, April (Figure 3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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    Figure 3.<\/strong>\u00a0The rare Mediterranean species Paeonia mascula subsp. russoi from Mt. Aenos National Park flora.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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    • Papaver rhoeas<\/em>\u00a0L. (<\/span>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3. Papaveraceae):\u00a0<\/span>Aenos,\u00a0<\/span>June<\/li>\n
    • Saporaria aenesia<\/em>\u00a0Heldr. (<\/span>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3. Caryophyllaceae):\u00a0<\/span>Aenos,\u00a0<\/span>May<\/li>\n
    • Saxifraga chrysosplenifolia<\/em>\u00a0Boiss. (<\/span>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3. Saxifragaceae):\u00a0<\/span>Aenos,\u00a0<\/span>June<\/li>\n
    • \u00a0Scutellaria rupestris<\/em>\u00a0Boiss. & Heldr. subsp.\u00a0cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0(Bornm.) Greuter & Burdet: (<\/span>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3.\u00a0<\/span>Labiatae): Aenos, June<\/li>\n
    • Stachys parolinii<\/em>\u00a0Vis. (\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3. Labiatae): Fagias, May<\/li>\n
    • Verbascum densiflorum<\/em>\u00a0Bertol. (\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3. Scrophulariaceae): Aenos, May<\/li>\n
    • Veronica glauca<\/em>\u00a0Sm. ssp.\u00a0peloponnesiaca<\/em>\u00a0(Boiss. & Orph.) Maire & Petit. (<\/span>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3. Scrophulariaceae):\u00a0<\/span>Aenos,\u00a0<\/span>May<\/li>\n
    • Viola cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0Bornm. (<\/span>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3. Violaceae):\u00a0<\/span>Aenos,\u00a0<\/span>May<\/li>\n
    • Viola odorata<\/em>\u00a0L. (<\/span>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3. Violaceae):\u00a0<\/span>Aenos,\u00a0<\/span>March<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      The Vegetation of Mt. Aenos National Park<\/strong><\/p>\n

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      Figue 4.<\/strong>\u00a0Kefalonian fir forest at Melanitsa area, Aenos National Park.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      The dominant type of Aenos National Park vegetation is the forest of kefalonian fir (Figure 4).\u00a0Abies cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0confers considerable multiple values to Kefalonia where it was first described and got its name from. It is related to the history of the island and the scientific research because of the importance of\u00a0Abies cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0forests thriving in an isolated small area. Because of its geographic isolation,\u00a0Abies cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0has ensured its pure perpetuation in the \u201clocus classicus\u201d. Apart from Kefalonia, this species thrives to Peloponnese, Central Greece, Euboea, Thessaly and Epirus.<\/span><\/p>\n

      In Aenos National Park,\u00a0Abies cephalonica<\/em>\u00a0grows in the northwest edges of mount Roudi, at 550 m of altitude, within the upper limit of macchie vegetation and reaches 1.600 m of altitude, near Aenos peak called Megas Soros. It\u2019s outspread, in Roudi and Aenos main body, inconstant, but intermittent in the form of smaller or bigger clusters which are equally dense. The nudity of Aenos steep southwest slopes is impressive, and it is due to forest destruction from logging, overgrazing, fires and soil composition and inclination. In our days, apart from\u00a0Abies cephalonica<\/em>, no other forest species is observed in the National Park. In the saddle between Roudi and Aenos trees\u00a0Quercus pubescens<\/em>\u00a0Willd grow individually or in clusters, descending to the east till 500 meters of altitude and below the road that starts from Saint Eleftherios direction Tsakarisianos, where population structure is still very dense. There is no doubt that in the past, the area was covered by an extended forest of<\/span>\u00a0the deciduous species\u00a0Quercus pubescens<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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      Figure 5.\u00a0<\/strong>Mt. Roudi of National park vegetation characterized by a mixture of Kefalonian fir and highly maqquis vegetation of evergreen broadleaved semi-arboreal species.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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      Consistent shrubby vegetation thrives<\/span>\u00a0from the municipal road linking Sami to Argostoli, in the north slopes of mount Roudi, spreading up to almost 750 m<\/span>\u00a0of\u00a0altitude, forming the characteristic ecosystem of macquis vegetation (Figure 5).\u00a0It consists of evergreen hard leaved shrubby or semi-arboreal species like:\u00a0Pistacia lentiscus<\/em>,\u00a0Quercus coccifera<\/em>,\u00a0Quercus ilex<\/em>,\u00a0Phillyrea latifolia<\/em>,\u00a0Arbutus unedo<\/em>,\u00a0Arbutus adrachne<\/em>, and a hybrid form of\u00a0A. unedo<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0adrachne<\/em>. From 700 m of altitude, this impenetrable vegetation gets gradually replaced first by the fir forest and then by small bushes of\u00a0Quercus coccifera<\/em>\u00a0in the higher altitudes, where fir clusters are sparse or totally absent.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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